SARPS: Journal of Advanced Research in Plant Science
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NOVEL OXINDOLE DERIVATIVES: SYNTHESIS, KINETIC STUDIES, AND Α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY POTENTIAL
The continuous rise in the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has intensified the search for effective α-glucosidase inhibitors capable of controlling postprandial hyperglycemia with improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced adverse effects. Oxindole represents a privileged heterocyclic scaffold exhibiting remarkable structural diversity and broad pharmacological potential, making it an attractive candidate for antidiabetic drug discovery. This study focuses on the rational synthesis of novel oxindole derivatives, comprehensive structural characterization, evaluation of reaction kinetics, and investigation of their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The synthesized compounds were characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS techniques to confirm their molecular structures. Enzyme inhibition assays were conducted to determine inhibitory potency, while kinetic analyses were performed to elucidate the inhibition mechanism and enzyme–ligand interactions. The influence of structural modifications on biological activity was examined through structure–activity relationship analysis, highlighting the contribution of different substituents toward enhanced enzyme inhibition. The integrated synthetic, kinetic, and biological findings demonstrate the potential of oxindole derivatives as promising lead molecules for developing next-generation antidiabetic agents with improved efficacy and molecular selectivity.
Copyright (c) 2026 V. Rajasekhar Reddy, K. Aruna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BIOACTIVE MOLECULES FROM MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS FOR HEART HEALTH
Heart disease keeps a grip on things, like the worlds biggest killer, and that grim reality has sort of pushed scientists and regular people back toward something old school: plants. This article kinda looks at how bioactive molecules in medicinal and aromatic plants might support cardiovascular health, drawing from peer-reviewed clinical trials and also broader global health data. Cardiovascular diseases caused an estimated 19.8 million deaths worldwide in 2022, according to the World Health Organization, and that makes prevention feel more urgent than ever. Compounds like allicin from garlic, curcumin from turmeric, flavonoids from hawthorn, and resveratrol from grapes have each been examined in randomized controlled trials for possible effects on blood pressure, cholesterol, and the performance of blood vessels. Garlic extract for instance has shown measurable reductions in systolic blood pressure among hypertensive patients, while hawthorn extract has supported better exercise endurance in people living with chronic heart failure. Curcumin seems to help the inner lining of blood vessels, improving what researchers call flow mediated dilation. The article also moves through the biological mechanisms behind these effects, including antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory signaling, and lipid regulation, and it provides a comparative table that summarizes clinical findings for the main compounds discussed. It even gets into the practical details: dosage ranges used in trials, safety concerns, drug interactions, and the gap between promising lab results and real-world clinical guidance. While the evidence is encouraging, it is not a substitute for conventional cardiology care, and the piece is honest about where the research still comes up short.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sima Mandal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANTIFUNGAL EFFECTS OF PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST COMMON LEAF DISEASES
Fungal leaf diseases are still, one of the most stubborn threats to agricultural productivity across the globe. For a long time chemical fungicides were basically the go to option, but a lot of worry has grown around environmental toxicity, residues that hang around, and the slow emergence of fungal resistance, so researchers have been pushed toward greener ways. In that context plant derived extracts, taken from leaves, bark, seeds, and roots, look like a promising alternative. They usually carry a varied blend of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, and phenolics, and many of these molecules have shown real antifungal effects on pathogens like Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum species, and Phytophthora infestans. Here the focus is on what is currently understood about how these plant extracts interfere with common foliar fungal enemies, plus the main studies that were carried out through 2019. The discussion also considers the practical and scientific headaches involved in moving results from the lab into actual field use. The overall picture is encouraging, but there are still meaningful gaps, especially around dose standardization, how well the extracts hold up outside, and how they can be woven into existing crop protection routines. Making plant based antifungals is not only an academic thing anymore. It is increasingly a real-world necessity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Ragini Sikarwar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ROLE OF AVIAN COMMUNITIES IN THE REGENERATION AND CONSERVATION OF NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCT SPECIES IN THE FORESTS OF CHHATTISGARH
The tropical deciduous forests of Chhattisgarh constitute an important reservoir of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP). Given the economic significance of these resources and the dependence of forest-dwelling tribes on them, ensuring tree regeneration in this ecoregion is a crucial policy concern. This article focuses on the role of the native avifauna communities in facilitating forest regeneration in Chhattisgarh. Classified into functional guilds based on their roles, birds shape the spatial organization of commercial tree species and aid their recruitment and establishment by altering genetic structure among fragmented populations. Physiologically, birds facilitate germination by removing inhibitory seed pulp and exerting mechanical pressure on the endocarp during digestion, shortening the time required for dormancy release. Additionally, certain avian species create ‘nucleation sites’ of regeneration, reversing the degradation of forest edges, while generalist species exert density-dependent effects on host tree populations and lower competitive exclusion. This article reviews the contribution of such avian-mediated mechanisms to the regeneration of commercially important NTFP species in the state forests of Chhattisgarh.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lokesh sagar, Dr. Manoj singh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Systematic Review of Salinity Stress Responses in the Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) represents one of the most critical grain legumes for direct human consumption, providing vital dietary protein, micronutrients, and calories worldwide. However, as an extreme glycophyte, Phaseolus vulgaris exhibits pronounced sensitivity to soil salinization, suffering severe yield penalties at electrical conductivity levels exceeding standard agricultural thresholds. Soil salinity inflicts primary osmotic shock and secondary cytotoxic ionic accumulation, which collectively compromise cell division, tissue elongation, photosynthetic efficiency, and membrane stability. Salinity also triggers excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and premature organ senescence. Furthermore, the Rhizobium–legume symbiosis and biological nitrogen fixation apparatus within root nodules are exceptionally vulnerable to hyperosmotic and saline environments. This review synthesizes empirical findings across morphological, physiological, biochemical, transcriptomic, and genomic layers of salt stress responses in Phaseolus vulgaris. Furthermore, comprehensively evaluates salinity-induced perturbations in water relations, photosynthetic carbon assimilation, ion transport kinetics, antioxidant defenses, and nodulation biology, alongside modern genetic mapping and agronomic mitigation approaches.
Copyright (c) 2026 Taufiq Shaikh, Nitin Labhane (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM HIBISCUS ROSA - SINENSIS.
The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has become one of the most significant global public health challenges, reducing the efficacy of conventional antimicrobial agents and necessitating the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. Green nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach by combining the medicinal properties of plants with the unique physicochemical characteristics of metallic nanoparticles. The present study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extracts of different parts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (leaves, petals, and stems) through an environmentally friendly green synthesis approach and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger. The findings demonstrate that green-synthesized AgNPs possess excellent antimicrobial potential and may serve as eco-friendly alternatives for future biomedical, pharmaceutical, and antimicrobial applications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. D. Meena S. Rao, Babita D. Pandey (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN AN ERA OF RAPID GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
Biodiversity is essential to the sustainability of ecosystems, their ability to recover from disturbance, and the services they provide for human life. The rapidly changing environment has made biodiversity even less relevant. According to IPCC (2022), "climate change has caused substantial damages, and increasingly irreversible losses, in terrestrial, freshwater and coastal and open ocean marine ecosystems." This has profound effects on plants, animals, and humans. "Observed wildlife populations have seen a devastating 69% drop on average since 1970" (WWF, 2022); "more than 44,000 species are threatened with extinction" (IUCN, 2023); and "the biodiversity that underpins our food systems is disappearing" (FAO, 2019). This review describes current status of biodiversity conservation and challenges associated with human activity. It acknowledges that “climate change puts additional stresses on land, enhancing existing risks to livelihoods, biodiversity, human and ecosystem health” (IPCC, 2019). There are new approaches for the mitigation of biodiversity stress, including ecosystem-based adaptation and nature-based solutions, which affirms that “protecting biodiversity and ecosystems is fundamental to climate resilient development” (IPCC, 2023). The paper recommends linking science to adaptive governance, sustainable development, and international conservation efforts to attain long-term goals. Future research should include developing predictive models and monitoring biodiversity closely to conservation targets. Biological diversity loss in a world where environmental change is rapid requires urgent and effective action.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aman Tiwari, Shubham Kumar, Nainika Rosy, Astuti Tiwari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
WATER QUALITY OF RIVERS OF DEORIA (U.P.) AND NEIGHBOURING DISTRICTS IN BIHAR - A REVIEW
Water is one of the most important natural resources on Earth. It plays a critical role in supporting all living organisms, sustaining ecological systems, protecting human health, and enabling food production and economic development. Water quality generally refers to the composition of water at levels optimal for the healthy growth of plants and animals. The safety of drinking water is affected by various contaminants, including physical, chemical, and microbiological agents, which can cause serious health problems. Due to the growing human population, industrialisation, the use of fertilisers, and other anthropogenic activities, water bodies are becoming increasingly polluted with harmful contaminants. There is therefore an urgent need to protect and conserve water resources. Accordingly, it is essential to understand the physico-chemical parameters of water, such as colour, temperature, acidity, hardness, pH, sulphate, chloride, DO, BOD, COD, and alkalinity. Accurate assessment of these parameters is crucial for evaluating the condition of water sources and ensuring that they remain safe and sustainable for both ecological and human use. This study evaluates the physico-chemical characteristics and contaminant levels of groundwater and surface water sources in Deoria district (Uttar Pradesh) and selected neighbouring districts of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
Copyright (c) 2026 Manoj Kumar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ETHNOBOTANICAL DOCUMENTATION AND TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANT KNOWLEDGE AMONG TRIBAL COMMUNITIES OF KANKER DISTRICT, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA
Ethnobotanical knowledge plays a very significant role in tribal communities inhabiting forest-rich areas. The present study aims to document the medicinal plant knowledge of the tribal communities of Kanker district, Chhattisgarh. The survey was planned to be conducted in the tribal inhabited areas i.e., Bagod, Sarangpal, Narharpur and Govindpur of the Kanker district. The ethnobotanical data were collected through field visits and personal communication with the local tribal inhabitants and traditional healers such as Baiga, Binghwar, Kanwar, etc. Collection of plant material, their identification and preservation followed. The taxonomic nomenclature of all the plant specimens was done using standard reference books and preserved as herbarium specimens. Information related to vernacular names, therapeutic uses, plant parts used and traditional methods of preparation of remedies were recorded. The study also includes phytosociological data of the important medicinal plants of the region. Tribal festivals like Karma, Sarhul and Jeotiya were also studied. The present study is likely to contribute significantly towards the conservation of traditional knowledge related to plants and medicinal plants in particular, by providing a baseline data for the future studies on ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and biodiversity conservation in the Kanker district of Chhattisgarh.
Copyright (c) 2026 Varsha Jaiswal, Dr. Deepa Biswas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CHLOROPHYLL EXTRACT ISOLATED FROM COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA) LEAVES AGAINST SELECTED BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL PATHOGENS
Background: The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance has intensified the search for novel bioactive compounds from natural sources. Chlorophyll, a naturally occurring pigment abundant in green plants, has attracted increasing attention due to its antioxidant and potential antimicrobial properties. However, limited information is available regarding the antimicrobial activity of chlorophyll extracted from cowpea leaves (Vigna unguiculata). Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of chlorophyll extracted from cowpea leaves against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens. Methods: Fresh cowpea leaves (Vigna unguiculata) were used for chlorophyll extraction using an acetone–methanol solvent system. The antimicrobial activity of the chlorophyll extract was assessed by the disc diffusion method following National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. The extract was tested at a concentration of 100 mg/mL against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated by measuring inhibition zone diameters around the treated discs. Results: The chlorophyll extract demonstrated antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms. Strong inhibitory effects were observed against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, with inhibition zones indicating active to highly active antimicrobial performance. In contrast, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited only limited susceptibility, producing a smaller inhibition zone (10 mm), indicative of partial activity. The findings suggest that chlorophyll extracted from cowpea leaves possesses broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria and fungal pathogens. Conclusion: Chlorophyll extracted from Vigna unguiculata leaves exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against a range of clinically relevant microorganisms, with the exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which showed reduced sensitivity. These findings support the potential use of plant-derived chlorophyll as a natural antimicrobial agent and warrant further investigations to elucidate its mechanisms of action, optimize extraction procedures, and evaluate its therapeutic applications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Israa Mohamed Fadla Alla Elhaj, Nuha Aboud Ahmed, Hiba Hassan Ibrahim, Rabaa Musa Hamad, Dr. Azhari A. Mohammed Nour, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Mohamad Ibrahim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES IN SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS
The study includes a complete biochemical analysis of the secondary metabolites present in three essential medicinal plants which possess potential health benefits. The scientists used the combination testing method which included High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array detection and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to measure the primary active compounds present in the plant materials. The chromatographic analysis detected triterpenoid compounds at significant levels which included Azadirachtin that existed in Azadirachta indica at 0.82% w/w and the steroidal lactone Withaferin A which appeared in Withania somnifera at 1.45%. The Ocimum sanctum plant has a high phenolic content which includes eugenol as an aromatic component that constituted 3.12% (w/w) of the analyzed extract. The research shows that the studied species produce multiple secondary metabolites which possess unique chemical characteristics that enhance their medicinal properties. The researchers studied which plants generate terpenoids and phenolic compounds through the Mevalonate and Shikimic acid biosynthesis pathways. The research shows that plants produce specific metabolites which show different distribution patterns in their leaf and root systems. The research establishes specific indicators which use defined retention times and mass-to-charge ratios as standardized testing methods for pharmaceutical quality control and development of reliable plant-based medical products.
Mevalonate and Shikimic Acid Biosynthesis Pathways Etc
Copyright (c) 2026 Mahendra S Patil (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CHINA'S ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPTS FOR REHABILITATING DESERTS IN LINE WITH THE ARABIAN DESERT
China seeks for idea of desert rehabilitating especially at Mongolia desert. This environmental sustainability concept has strategies for desert reconstruction via wild planting projects. It scopes on modifying climatic changes to optimum standard levels by idea of planting. This review compares as well the status of Arabian hot desert by using Saudi Arabia as an example. It gives such solutions to solve our environmental problems especially at desert area.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmed Eesa El-Shabasy, Mohamed A. Al Abboud, Mohamed M. Alawlaqi, Mohamed Mostafa Soliman, Islam Mazahirul, Asaduddin Mohammed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ETHNOBOTANICAL DOCUMENTATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES
Ethnobotanical knowledge serves as a vital element for indigenous healthcare systems which operate in areas that lack access to contemporary medical facilities. The research demonstrates how indigenous communities utilize various medicinal plants together with their methods of plant preparation and practical applications. The research demonstrates that these plants possess therapeutic properties which can effectively address various medical conditions including respiratory illnesses and digestive disorders and inflammatory diseases and chronic medical conditions. Traditional practices were documented through fieldwork which included both interviews and participatory observation and plant identification activities. We conducted research to assess the reliability of plant species through two quantitative ethnobotanical measures which included Informant Consensus Factor ICF and Use Value UV and Relative Frequency of Citation RFC. The efficacy of specific medical interventions for digestive and respiratory ailments is widely acknowledged by specialists, a consensus bolstered by their extensive historical application. The plants Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa hold significant importance within traditional medical practices, thereby underscoring their value in the context of ethnomedicine. Conversely, the long-term viability of these approaches is threatened by two key elements: the decline of biodiversity and the loss of indigenous knowledge. Given these challenges, this study suggests that drug development should include thorough documentation, plant conservation efforts, and ethnobotanical research. This integrated approach is expected to promote lasting improvements in healthcare.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mahendra S Patil, Dr. Prem Kumar Gautam (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AN OVERVIEW ON THE LIFE CYCLE OF SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA
The fall armyworm (FAW), or Spodoptera frugiperda, (J.E. Smith, 1797) is a significant pest affecting global maize production and other economically important crops. It is an invasive and extremely damaging insect that affects maize and other crops all over the world. S. frugiperda is the most notorious, rapidly dominating as a major pest. This species is also widely distributed in Rajasthan. Its life cycle, including the egg, larval instars, pupa, and adult stages, is thoroughly and methodically examined in this work. The host plants and environmental factors have a significant impact on the lifespan, which usually takes 32 to 45 days to complete. FAW poses a significant threat to agriculture due to its high fecundity and adaptability, with the larval stage being the most destructive.
Copyright (c) 2025 Puja Dewanda, Garima Kumawat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BIOPESTICIDES UTILIZATION SCENARIO IN INDIA: RECENT TRENDS IN BIOPESTICIDES IMPLEMENTED STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE HORTICULTURE
The global horticultural sector is currently at a pivotal point, driven by the dual challenges of climate induced pest resurgence and the stringent regulatory laws to eliminate synthetic chemical residue. Although India contributes significantly to the global fruit and vegetable production, its shift towards biological control strategies present an inconsistent and fragmented implementation. As the global horticulture transition towards sustainable intensification, biopesticides have emerged as prime alternative to synthetic agrochemicals. Currently, Indian biopesticides market is undergoing enormous expansion, expected to exceed USD 285 million by 2026. This review examines biopesticides utilization within Indian horticulture system, sector crucial to country’s nutritional and economic security. Despite having rich history of botanical pest controlling practices, Indian transition towards widespread implementation of biopesticides encounter several challenges, such as inconsistent field efficiency, regulatory complexities, and insufficient knowledge among farmers. In contrast the global arena is shifting towards transformative cutting edge technologies. This review consolidates the global breakthroughs including RNA interference (RNAi) biopesticides, nanoencapsulation delivery systems, and CRISPR-based biocontrol tactics, assessing their potential for incorporation into Indian horticultural practices. This review emphasize the connection between indigenous knowledge and global technical advancement, offering a strategic framework to improve dependability and scalability of biopesticides. Ultimately, it promotes a contemporary Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy to residue free horticultural output.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shabnam Shaikh, Heli Oza, Hiteshkumar Solanki (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE OF BAY RUM LEAVES (PIMENTA RACEMOSA)
Bay rum leaves (Pimenta racemosa) are aromatic medicinal leaves widely used in traditional medicine, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical applications. The present article highlights the botanical characteristics, phytochemical composition, and therapeutic properties of bay rum leaves. These leaves contain essential oils such as eugenol, myrcene, and chavicol which show antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. The study emphasizes the importance of bay rum leaves in herbal medicine and their potential applications in life science research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Saima Naveed, Hijab-e-Jeha-Fathimarabiya Khatun, Yogalakshmi, Vindhiya, Dr. Shaik Azeem Taj (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This study examines the potential of hydroponics in promoting urban sustainability through a case study of a hydroponics farm in [city/region]. Hydroponics, a soilless cultivation method, offers a promising solution to urban food security, environmental degradation and resource scarcity. Our result shows that hydroponics can increase crop yield by up to 30% while reducing water consumptions by up to 90% compared to traditional farming. The system’s environmental impact was assessed through life cycle analysis revealing a significant reduction in carbon footprint and land use. However, high initial investment and energy costs remain barriers to adoption. We propose implementation strategies , including government incentives, public-private partnership, and community-led initiatives, to overcome these challenges. This study demonstrates hydroponics potential in enhancing urban sustainability and provides insights for policymakers, urban planners and researchers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. B. Saritha, Sabreen Fathima, Mohsina Sultana, Nasifa Banu, Nasrin Banu, Sumaiya S. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF CURCUMA LONGA EXTRACTS AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS AGAINST SELECTED LABORATORY FUNGAL ISOLATES: AN IN VITRO STUDY
The increasing occurrence of fungal resistance to commonly prescribed antifungal medications has created an urgent need for alternative therapeutic options. Plant-derived compounds are being investigated extensively due to their diverse bioactive properties and reduced adverse effects. The present study was designed to experimentally evaluate the inhibitory effect of Curcuma longa rhizome extract on selected fungal isolates under laboratory conditions. Turmeric rhizomes were processed, extracted using suitable solvents, and tested at graded concentrations. Antifungal activity was determined by measuring growth inhibition through diffusion-based and dilution techniques. The extent of fungal suppression was recorded and compared with a standard antifungal agent. A gradual increase in inhibitory activity was observed with increasing extract concentration. Differences in susceptibility among the fungal species were evident. The antifungal effect may be associated with naturally occurring phytochemicals present in turmeric. These findings indicate that Curcuma longa extract demonstrates measurable antifungal potential and warrants further pharmacological investigation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. G. A. Asif Jama, Prathiba P., Sanjana R., Seerin Arifa S., Shameena Begum S., Shehanaz Begum M. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED VEGETABLE CROPS GROWN UNDER ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FARMING SYSTEMS
The growing concern for environmental sustainability and food quality has increased interest in organic farming practices. The present study aimed to compare the growth performance and phytochemical characteristics of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and green chilli (Capsicum annuum) cultivated under organic and inorganic farming systems. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with two treatments: organic (T₁) and inorganic (T₂). Growth parameters such as plant height, days to flowering, and yield were recorded. Phytochemical analyses including total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were assessed using standard biochemical assays. The results revealed that inorganic farming significantly enhanced vegetative growth and yield in both crops. However, organically grown plants exhibited higher concentrations of phytochemicals and greater antioxidant activity. The findings suggest that while inorganic farming improves productivity, organic farming plays a vital role in enhancing the nutritional quality of vegetable crops, thereby supporting sustainable agricultural practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arthiswari R, Aayesha Farhana , Deepika B, Deepika G, Farhana Begum F, Beema Jainab S. I. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GROWTH RESPONSES OF HIBISCUS ROSA-SINENSIS TO VARYING TEMPERATURE REGIMES: A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION
Temperature is a critical abiotic factor influencing plant growth, metabolic processes, and reproductive development. The present study investigates the comparative growth performance and adaptive responses of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis under different temperature regimes. Plants were maintained under controlled conditions representing low (15°C), optimal (25°C), and high (35°C) temperature ranges. Growth attributes such as plant height, leaf number, leaf area, and flower production were evaluated along with physiological indicators including chlorophyll stability and visible stress symptoms. The findings revealed that plants grown under the optimal temperature range (25°C) exhibited significantly enhanced vegetative growth, improved chlorophyll retention, and increased flowering compared to those exposed to low and high temperatures. Lower temperature conditions resulted in reduced growth rate and delayed flowering, whereas higher temperatures induced chlorophyll degradation, wilting, and decreased floral output. Although Hibiscus rosa-sinensis demonstrated adaptive plasticity across varying thermal environments, prolonged exposure to temperature extremes negatively affected overall plant vigor and ornamental quality. This study underscores the importance of maintaining optimal thermal conditions for maximizing growth and reproductive efficiency in Hibiscus and provides valuable insights for climate-resilient horticultural management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. G.A. Asif Jamal, Lavanya R., Nazeera N., Pavithra R., Pavithra M., Lokeshwari B. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SURVEY OF TREES IN JUSTICE BASHEER AHMED SAYEED COLLEGE
A systematic survey of tree species was conducted at Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed College for Women, Chennai, to document species diversity, abundance, and distribution within the campus. The study recorded 41 different tree species belonging to diverse families. A total of more than 350 individual trees were documented across academic blocks, parking areas, playgrounds, and open spaces. Dominant species included Bambusa vulgaris (81 No’s), Peltophorum pterocarpum (46 No’s), Dypsis lutescens (34 No’s) and Cocos nucifera (25 No’s). The survey highlights the ecological richness of the campus and emphasizes the importance of urban biodiversity conservation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gayathri P., Gopika N., Hafeesa Farzana M., Hemalatha R., Kamali Sri.R, Jabeena Begum P. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN PLANT SCIENCE: SMART DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES
Conventional use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture often results in low efficiency, environmental pollution, and soil degradation. Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions through smart delivery systems that enhance nutrient use efficiency, minimize chemical losses, and reduce ecological risks. Nanoparticles, nanocarriers, and nanocapsules allow controlled release of agrochemicals, targeted delivery to plant tissues, and reduced dosage requirements. Research shows that nano-fertilizers can increase nutrient uptake efficiency by 20–40% compared to bulk fertilizers, while nano-encapsulated pesticides improve pest control with 30–50% lower doses. This paper reviews the applications of nanotechnology in fertilizer and pesticide delivery, highlights experimental evidence of improved plant growth and yield, and discusses environmental safety, regulatory issues, and future prospects.
Copyright (c) 2025 SARPS: Journal of Advanced Research in Plant Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL ENHANCEMENT OF SECONDARY METABOLITES IN MEDICINAL PLANTS
Secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds play essential roles in the therapeutic efficacy of medicinal plants. However, their natural biosynthesis is often slow and influenced by environmental factors, leading to limited yields. Advances in biotechnology—including tissue culture, metabolic engineering, elicitor treatments, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing—have revolutionized strategies for enhancing secondary metabolite production. Experimental evidence demonstrates that elicitor application can increase alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus by up to 200%, while metabolic engineering has successfully enhanced artemisinin yield in Artemisia annua by 3-fold. This paper synthesizes research on biotechnological interventions aimed at improving the yield and stability of secondary metabolites, with emphasis on tissue culture techniques, omics integration, and synthetic biology. The findings highlight the potential for scalable production of bioactive compounds to meet rising pharmaceutical and nutraceutical demands.
PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF PLANTS IN HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATED SOILS
Heavy metal contamination of soils poses a significant environmental and agricultural challenge due to its toxic effects on plants, animals, and humans. Phytoremediation, the use of green plants to clean up contaminated soils, offers an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative to conventional remediation technologies. Several plant species, particularly hyperaccumulators, have demonstrated the ability to absorb, stabilize, or transform heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and chromium (Cr). This study explores the phytoremediation potential of different plants, their mechanisms of action, and their applications in heavy metal-contaminated soils.
MOLECULAR BREEDING APPROACHES FOR YIELD ENHANCEMENT IN LEGUMES
Legumes are a vital source of plant-based protein, essential nutrients, and soil nitrogen enrichment. Yield improvement in legumes has historically relied on conventional breeding; however, molecular breeding approaches offer more precise, efficient, and rapid strategies for crop improvement (Varshney et al., 2019). Techniques such as marker-assisted selection (MAS), genomic selection, gene editing, and molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have significantly contributed to identifying superior genotypes with enhanced yield potential (Chen et al., 2019). This review highlights the current molecular tools, their applications in legume yield enhancement, and challenges in integrating these approaches into breeding programs. The potential of combining genomic resources with advanced phenotyping and biotechnology to accelerate yield improvement is also discussed (Bhat et al., 2016)
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND PLANT PRODUCTIVITY
Climate change, characterized by elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations, rising temperatures, and altered precipitation patterns, significantly affects photosynthesis and overall plant productivity. Research indicates that while elevated CO₂ can initially stimulate photosynthetic activity through the CO₂ fertilization effect, long-term productivity gains are constrained by nutrient limitations, water stress, and temperature-induced photorespiration. Studies in rice, wheat, maize, and soybean have shown yield reductions of 10–25% under combined heat and drought stress. Moreover, shifts in stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and Rubisco activity provide critical insights into the physiological impacts of climate stress. This paper synthesizes experimental evidence from Free-Air CO₂ Enrichment (FACE) studies, controlled chamber experiments, and field trials to evaluate how climate change alters photosynthetic efficiency and crop yields. The results highlight the need for climate-resilient crop varieties, improved agronomic practices, and biotechnological interventions to sustain global food production under a changing climate.
CRISPR GENE EDITING FOR DEVELOPING STRESS RESILIENT CROPS
Crop productivity is increasingly threatened by abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and temperature extremes, as well as biotic challenges including pathogens and pests. Traditional breeding methods have achieved partial success in enhancing stress tolerance but remain time-consuming and limited by species compatibility. The advent of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology offers a precise, cost-effective, and rapid approach to developing stress-resilient crops. This paper reviews recent advances in CRISPR-mediated genome editing for improving stress tolerance in major crops, focusing on targeted genes related to abiotic and biotic stress pathways. Methodological approaches, including single-gene knockouts, base editing, and multiplex gene editing, are discussed. Results from published studies demonstrate significant improvements in drought and salt tolerance, disease resistance, and yield stability. The discussion highlights both the promise and limitations of CRISPR, including regulatory concerns and off-target effects. The review concludes that CRISPR technology provides a transformative platform for sustainable agriculture under climate change conditions.